F ACV was encapsulated by LCP NPs with all the encapsulation efficiency of more than 60 and the particles size of significantly less than 50 nm. A lot more importantly, LCP NPs facilitated the delivery of ACVP to the tumor, which contributed for the drastically enhanced inhibition of tumor growth with no clear toxicity. This higher efficacy of A-LCP NPs was connected with its ability to induce dramatic apoptosis of tumor cells also as drastically inhibit tumor cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. In conclusion, based on the effective delivery of LCP NPs, monophosphorylation modification of ACV by chemical method was an efficient method to turn an HSV-TK-dependent antiviral to an anti-tumor drug.Supplementary MaterialRefer to Internet version on PubMed Central for supplementary material.AcknowledgmentsThis project was supported by NIH grants CA151652 and CA149363. Dr. Jing Yao’s work in UNC was sponsored by Qing Lan Project and Jiangsu Overseas Research and Instruction System for University Prominent Young and Middle-aged Teachers and Presidents. We thank Kelly Racette for editing the manuscript.List of abbreviationsACV ACVP A-LCP NPs CaP Acyclovir Acyclovir monophosphate ACVP-loaded LCP nanoparticles Calcium phosphateJ Handle Release. Author manuscript; obtainable in PMC 2014 September 28.Yao et al.PageHSV-TKHerpes simplex virus thymidine kinase Dioleoylphosphatydic acid 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane chloride salt 1,2-distearoryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N[methoxy(polyethyleneglycol-2000) ammonium salt DSPE-PEG-anisamide Enhanced permeability and retention effect Ganciclovir Hematoxylin and Eosin Lipid/Calcium/Phosphate nanoparticles Proliferating cell nuclear antigen Reticuloendothelial technique Transmission electron microscope TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End LabelingNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptDOPA DOTAP DSPE-PEG DSPE-PEG-AA EPR GCV HE LCP NPs PCNA RES TEM TUNEL
A100 human chimp 94 dog mouse sea urchin fly 70 95 46 93 one hundred maize Outgroup (Rickettsia) mold fission yeast budding yeast slime moldBmold0.two 48 99 99 one hundred Eukaryota2/budding yeast OutgroupCdog 2/6 mouse 95 mold budding yeast Eukaryota; Fungi slime mold 2/3 maize OutgroupEukaryota; 99 MetazoaTreetrimmer: a strategy for phylogenetic dataset size reductionMaruyama et al.1612287-20-3 site Maruyama et al.7-Methoxyisoquinolin-1-ol Chemscene BMC Study Notes 2013, six:145 http://biomedcentral/1756-0500/6/Maruyama et al.PMID:23398362 BMC Research Notes 2013, 6:145 http://biomedcentral/1756-0500/6/TECHNICAL NOTEOpen AccessTreetrimmer: a process for phylogenetic dataset size reductionShinichiro Maruyama1,2,three, Robert JM Eveleigh1,2,three,four and John M Archibald1,2,3*AbstractBackground: With rapid advances in genome sequencing and bioinformatics, it really is now attainable to create phylogenetic trees containing a huge number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from a wide array of organisms. Even so, use of rigorous tree-building methods on such large datasets is prohibitive and manual `pruning’ of sequence alignments is time consuming and raises issues more than reproducibility. There’s a need to have for bioinformatic tools with which to objectively carry out such pruning procedures. Findings: Here we present `TreeTrimmer’, a bioinformatics process that removes unnecessary redundancy in huge phylogenetic datasets, alleviating the size effect on extra rigorous downstream analyses. The system identifies and removes user-defined `redundant’ sequences, e.g., orthologous sequences from closely associated organisms and `recently’ evolved linea.
